LA COMPLEMENTARIEDAD DE LA OPOSICIÓN EXPLICACIÓN VS. INTERPRETACIÓN. Las funciones metodológicas del análisis del discurso en el marco de las semióticas peirceana y neo-hjelmsleviana.

BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy is delivered in most of the early intervention services for psychosis in different countries around the world. This approach has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing or at least delaying the onset of psychosis. However, none of them directly affect the comorbidity of these types of patients that is often the main cause of distress and dysfunctionality. The Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is a psychological intervention that combines cognitive-behavioral and third-generation techniques (...) that address emotional dysregulation as an underlying mechanism that these disorders have in common. The application of this intervention could improve the comorbid emotional symptoms of these patients.Materials and methodsThe study is a randomized controlled trial in which one group receives immediate UP plus standard intervention and the other is placed on a waiting list to receive UP 7 months later, in addition to standard care in one of our early psychosis programs. The sample will be 42 patients with UHR for psychosis with comorbid emotional symptoms. The assessment is performed at baseline, at the end of treatment, and at 3-months’ follow-up, and includes: general psychopathology, anxiety and depression, positive and negative emotions, emotional dysregulation, personality, functionality, quality of life, cognitive distortions, insight, and satisfaction with the UP intervention.DiscussionThis will be the first study of the efficacy, acceptability, and viability of the UP in a sample of young adults with UHR. The results of this study may have clinical implications, contributing to improving the model of care for young people who consult for underlying psychotic, anxiety, and/or depressive symptoms that can lead to high distress and dysfunctionality.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT04929938]. (shrink)

Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA para caracterizar la producción científica de la didáctica de la higiene alimentaria en Educación Primaria. Se analizan indicadores bibliométricos y metodologías de investigación utilizadas. La búsqueda se realizó en la base de datos Web of Science. Solo 12 artículos cumplían con todos los criterios de inclusión. Hay escasas publicaciones sobre higiene alimentaria en la etapa, tratándose de estudios cualitativos, autoría conjunta y en su mayoría pertenecen al sector sanitario. Es necesario (...) aumentar las investigaciones especialmente en el ámbito educativo e introducir la higiene alimentaria en la formación del profesorado. (shrink)

Se aborda aquí la transformación de la idea de una primigenia identidad entre palabras y cosas, lenguaje y mundo, que tuvo lugar en Venecia en el s. XVI.

This work studies the interaction networks that arise on Twitter in relation to such a relevant topic as climate change. We detected that the largest connected component of these networks presents low values of average degree and betweenness, as well as a small diameter compared to the total number of nodes in the network. The largest connected component of retweeting and quoting networks also exhibits very low negative assortativity. The quoting and retweeting networks have a more hierarchical structure than the (...) replying network. We also find that the process of emergence of new links in the interaction networks can be properly modeled through a Support Vector Machine model using the embeddings provided by the Node2Vec algorithm. A Random Forest model using certain similarity measures as explanatory variables between nodes also provides high accuracy. In addition, we analyze the communities existing in each interaction network by means of the Louvain method. The cumulative probability distributions of hashtags per community are also examined. (shrink)

Intersectionality is the notion that concerns the complexity of the experiences of individuals in virtue of their belonging to multiple socially significant categories. One of its main insights is that the way society is structured around categories such as gender, race, sexuality, class, etc., produces distinctive and specific forms of discrimination and privilege for groups in the intersections. In this paper, we suggest conceiving intersectionality as a general metaphysical framework wherein specific claims to the effect that the experiences of discrimination (...) of Black women, among others, can be fruitfully formulated and examined. The main claim is that intersectional experiences emerge from the conjunction of social categories when social structures make them relevant vis-à-vis discrimination and privilege. We then argue that our view has three main virtues: metaphysical neutrality, explanatory flexibility and methodological openness. Explaining these virtues will allow us to contrast our proposal with alternatives from the recent literature. (shrink)

Originally introduced by J. J. Gibson (1979) in the context of the development of an ecological approach to visual perception, the notion of affordance refers to the perception of opportunities for...

Food democracy is a concept with growing influence in food research. Food democracy deals with how actors may regain democratic control over the food system enabling its sustainable transformation. Following multi-level perspective framework's connotations, food democracy research has so far mainly focused on the niche level of the food system. An integrative approach that includes the perspectives of both the regime and the niche is still missing. This study addresses this research gap and proposes a new conceptual framework for food (...) democracy that includes actors from the niche and the regime level. Furthermore, we apply our conceptual framework to the urban food system of Vienna to explore the deeper meaning and practice of food democracy. Finally, we have conducted semi-structured interviews with actors at niche level and regime level within Vienna’s urban food system. Findings from this research broaden the perspective on food democracy and illustrate actors’ contributions at niche and regime level such as promoting organic food, re-localizing food provision, and procuring environmentally sustainable public food. Barriers to food democracy were also identified, e.g.: actors’ self-enhancement values, market-orientation, and capitalist alignment or lack of transparency. We conclude that actors at the niche and, to some extent, at the regime level may contribute to a process of on-going changes that fosters a transformation of established structures within the food system. (shrink)

Durante siglos lo que era un hecho que daba consistencia a la vida humana –cuidar– ha parecido ser sistemáticamente descatalogado y descargado de todo rango y categoría ética. La profusa presencia del cuidado en las fuentes griegas de la antigüedad desde la palabra epiméleia nos ha obligado a profundizar en los sentidos que la cura latina posee en la obra de Santo Tomás dada la preeminencia de esta para la teología moral posterior vinculada a la d– en el catálogo de (...) las virtudes junto con la misericordia, la beneficencia y la limosna que hacen operativa la caridad. El cuidar en su realización del amor irá más allá de socorrer las necesidades cuya forma verbal subvenio oscureció la cura y su sentido de atención, preocupación y ocupación activa por el prójimo.For centuries, what gave consistency to human life –to take care of- has seemed to be systematically discontinued and discharged of all rank and its ethical category. The abundant presence of care in the Greek sources of antiquity since the word epimeleia, has forced us to go deeper into the different meanings that the Latin word cura has in St Thomas’ work, given its prominence in a subsequent moral theology linked to charity. This requires a careful review of care as a virtue - to give it the majority of age- in the catalog of virtues together with mercy, beneficence and alms that make charity operational. Caring, in their realization of love, will go beyond needs help whose verbal form subvenio obscured its meaning of attention, concern and active occupation for the neighbor. (shrink)

Los famosos sueños de Descartes han constituido siempre para la historia de la filosofía un incómodo problema, pues dejaban la puerta abierta a la posibilidad de que el origen de la moderna racionalidad hubiese nacido de lo irracional. Superar este problema no fue fácil para el propio Descartes pasados los años ni lo ha sido para quienes desde entonces han mantenido que sus ideas marcaron el origen de una etapa de la filosofía y la ciencia caracterizada por el rechazo de (...) cualquier tipo de saber basado en la iluminación, la revelación o la inspiración mística. La mayoría de los autores han intentado marginar tal carácter irracional de los orígenes de la racionalidad realizando una lectura de los sueños cartesianos a la luz del posterior desarrollo del pensamiento cartesiano. Aquí se propone, en cambio, hacer una valoración de aquellos sueños en el contexto de las inquietudes intelectuales que el francés tenía en 1619. Hay elementos en la descripción de los sueños cartesianos, como la relevancia otorgada al «entusiasmo», o la revelación de una nueva ciencia «desde lo alto», que la vinculan estrechamente con una concepción de la verdad y la razón muy cercana a la de platónicos, filósofos y poetas que posteriormente la historia de la filosofía ha considerado en las antípodas de la moderna racionalidad. (shrink)

Most philosophical and historiographical interpretations of the origins of modern science have conferred an essential relevance to the importance attached to experience and experiment during sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These epistemological categories have been very often deemed basic concepts that need not any further analysis. As an alternative interpretation, this paper rather suggests to think over the philosophical and scientifical evolution of the concept of experience itself up to seventeeenth century. The chain sensation-memory-experience that Aristotle had provided as the way (...) to the establishing of first principles of science, was after worked out by scholastic thinkers who made of the concept of “experience” a kind of historical knowledge necessary to science although prior to it and deeply legitimated by the authority of tradition criteria and the concept of “common opinion”. Seventeenth century science, undertook from different philosophical and disciplinary approaches a criticism as well as a reformulation of the said category of “historical experience”. As a consequence of it science was obliged to search for new legitimating strategies for empirical knowledge. This paper aims to point out the outcomes of this process of experience rationalization, as well as the consequences of considering experience not merely a prior condition, but an essential part of scientific knowledge. (shrink)

After the end of their time as a caregiver, former caregivers have needs and feelings that have been subject to little study to date. The aim of the study is to determine and analyse the feelings, perceptions and practices of former caregivers in the reconstruction of their daily lives. This is a qualitative study based on the Grounded Theory developed by Charmaz. The study involved 14 former caregivers who had cared for their relative for more than 2 years and who (...) had stopped caring for them more than 2 years previously. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted and data were collected over 13 months between 2015 and 2017. Data were analysed using the Grounded Theory Method. In addition, this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol. The former caregiver experiences a transition, which begins in the days before the death of their relative and may continue for more than 3 years. Three critical moments in the post-caring transition were found: the post-caring emptiness; the end of the period as a caregiver; and the movement towards a new life. Family and professional support is needed during this transition. Former caregivers experience a transition in the rebuilding of their daily lives; furthermore, former caregivers may be a source of support for other caregivers, which is linked to positive mental health factors. Healthcare organisations need to acknowledge the emotional, psychosocial and psychological health of former caregivers. (shrink)

La idea de publicar este suplemento surgióen el tercer taller internacional del proyecto de investigación Civic Constellation que fue organizado en el Instituto para la Paz de las Islas Åland (Mariehamn, Finlandia) en septiembre de 2013. El Suplemento 20 de Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía reúne una selección de artículos reelaborados y revisados a partir de las comunicaciones inéditas que se presentaron en dicho taller, cuyo objetivo es reflexionar sobre los retos de la teoría democrática y los estudios de la (...) ciudadanía. (shrink)

La creciente literatura aparecida en los últimos años sobre innovación ha producido multitud de definiciones y clasificaciones de la misma en las que se reflejan disciplinas y tradiciones de origen, así como compromisos teóricos y prácticos. Distinguir entre innovación de productos o innovación de procesos, o diferenciar de acuerdo con el grado de novedad de los resultados de la innovación (o la “intensidad” innovadora) son algunas de estas estrategias taxonómicas. Aunque los enfoques más clásicos sobre innovación han obviado sistemáticamente los (...) aspectos sociales de la misma, recientemente ha aparecido una nueva categoría, la “innovación social”, etiqueta que engloba clases muy distintas de prácticas. En esta contribución analizaremos los distintos sentidos en los que se entiende la “innovación social” y defenderemos que una innovación apropiada ha de ser siempre una forma de innovación social. (shrink)

En sus páginas recoge el mensaje que Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn lanza al pueblo ruso en 1947 antes de ser desterrado. El disidente sabe que la manera de combatir el totalitarismo soviético no es otra que mantenerse fiel a la verdad. Ante la amenaza de un sistema que nubla la capacidad racional del ser humano, que pretende instrumentalizar a la sociedad y que desde sus propios orígenes es pura falsedad, la mejor arma es la defensa de la verdad.

This paper is part of an attempt to offer a better understanding of the origins of modern science in the light of the transformations of the concept of representation through XVIth and XVIIth centuries. My aim here is to point out how Francis Bacon had to revise naturalistic and mimetic conceptions of language for drawing up his particular methodical empiricism. In other words, it was not possible to formulate the modern scientific empiricism without advancing a criticism of those naturalistic philosophies (...) of language which had so great success in the XVIth century. To get to this conclusion, I set out here how the results achieved by those who united their empirical study of nature with mimetic and naturalistic conceptions of language were irremediably far from the open and progressive model of scientific knowledge which was an essential element of the Baconian project. (shrink)

Breve ensayo sobre la tristeza, la nostalgia y la felicidad.

Currently, entrepreneurship is a priority for economic, social, and technological growth. Therefore, the interest in understanding entrepreneurship processes has increased significantly. Individual variables play a fundamental role, and academic research has pointed out the influence of emotional intelligence in entrepreneurial processes; however, its relationship with other interpersonal processes and individual variables, such as personality and self-efficacy, has not been extensively studied. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, controlling for the (...) effects of personality, gender, and age. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were applied through a questionnaire survey of 1,593 college students to test the relationship between the constructs in the model. The results show that the personality traits are associated with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotional intelligence positively influences entrepreneurial intention, and self-efficacy mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications for training programs are examined, and future lines of research were discussed. (shrink)

Smallholder producers are the collective most likely to be affected by the introduction of GMOs globally, yet the least included in public debates and consultation about the development, implementation or regulation of this agricultural biotechnology. Why are the voices and arguments of smallholder farmers being excluded from national and international GM debates and regulation? In this article, we identify barriers which prevent smallholder farmers in Mexico from having a voice in public political, economic, scientific and social fori regarding the GM (...) maize controversy. Through the analysis of empirical data from a case study in Mexico, we identify political, institutional, economic and ontological reasons that lie behind that exclusion. We conclude with an appraisal of smallholder farmers’ perspectives on GM maize and their visions of Mexico’s rural future, within which they demand a meaningful and rightful space. (shrink)

Most philosophical and historiographical interpretations of the origins of modern science have conferred an essential relevance to the importance attached to experience and experiment during sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These epistemological categories have been very often deemed basic concepts that need not any further analysis. As an alternative interpretation, this paper rather suggests to think over the philosophical and scientifical evolution of the concept of experience itself up to seventeeenth century. The chain sensation-memory-experience that Aristotle had provided as the way (...) to the establishing of first principles of science, was after worked out by scholastic thinkers who made of the concept of “experience” a kind of historical knowledge necessary to science although prior to it and deeply legitimated by the authority of tradition criteria and the concept of “common opinion”. Seventeenth century science, undertook from different philosophical and disciplinary approaches a criticism as well as a reformulation of the said category of “historical experience”. As a consequence of it science was obliged to search for new legitimating strategies for empirical knowledge. This paper aims to point out the outcomes of this process of experience rationalization, as well as the consequences of considering experience not merely a prior condition, but an essential part of scientific knowledge. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza el recorrido histórico de la antropología del género desde su nacimiento hasta nuestros días. Se pone de manifiesto que esta antropología no puede dar una respuesta integral sobre la pregunta de quién es la persona porque fundamentan sus estudios en la categoría exclusiva de la sexualidad. No puede plantearse como una antropología fi losófi ca al olvidar el resto de facultades y dimensiones propias del ser humano.

Durante siglos lo que era un hecho que daba consistencia a la vida humana –cuidar– ha parecido ser sistemáticamente descatalogado y descargado de todo rango y categoría ética. La profusa presencia del cuidado en las fuentes griegas de la antigüedad desde la palabra epiméleia nos ha obligado a profundizar en los sentidos que la cura latina posee en la obra de Santo Tomás dada la preeminencia de esta para la teología moral posterior vinculada a la d– en el catálogo de (...) las virtudes junto con la misericordia, la beneficencia y la limosna que hacen operativa la caridad. El cuidar en su realización del amor irá más allá de socorrer las necesidades cuya forma verbal subvenio oscureció la cura y su sentido de atención, preocupación y ocupación activa por el prójimo.For centuries, what gave consistency to human life –to take care of- has seemed to be systematically discontinued and discharged of all rank and its ethical category. The abundant presence of care in the Greek sources of antiquity since the word epimeleia, has forced us to go deeper into the different meanings that the Latin word cura has in St Thomas’ work, given its prominence in a subsequent moral theology linked to charity. This requires a careful review of care as a virtue - to give it the majority of age- in the catalog of virtues together with mercy, beneficence and alms that make charity operational. Caring, in their realization of love, will go beyond needs help whose verbal form subvenio obscured its meaning of attention, concern and active occupation for the neighbor. (shrink)

The objective of the research is focused on the study of the evolution of sexism as a cultural parameter in the Roma population whose people maintain recognition as an ethnic minority in Europe. The design selected for this study is descriptive. This study involves testing the reliability of the reduced version of the ambivalent sexism inventory (ASI; Glick and Fiske, 1996) scale among a representative group of the Roma population belonging to the city of Toledo. A representative sample of 44 (...) people aged between 16 and 40 years was selected, with an average of 27.3. The results confirm the reliability of the scale and provide little differentiation and sex-disaggregated results. The responses on the items show a high degree of sexism among the participants. The obtained results give a better understanding of the scope of gender roles and, therefore, can help us to reorient interventions in the prevention of gender inequalities or early school dropouts among Roma girls. (shrink)

A través del presente artículo se realiza un estudio sobre el Movimiento de Vida Independiente y la figura del Asistente Personal en España. Dicho movimiento defiende una visión distinta sobre el mundo de la discapacidad, planteada por las propias personas con diversidad funcional que fomentan su propia autonomía e independencia y apuestan, por tanto, por una manera diferente de gestionar las políticas públicas de atención a la dependencia. La figura del Asistente Personal, poco desarrollada por las Administraciones Públicas en nuestro (...) país, supone una herramienta en el proceso emancipador y de empoderamiento de las personas con discapacidad, con la adopción de medidas no medico-rehabilitadoras, encontrándose en la misma línea y principios propugnados por el Movimiento de Vida Independiente. (shrink)

Promote a Mentoring Culture as Cornerstone to University Learning Process under Benedict XVI’s View Benedict XVI’s idea of University invites us to reconsider its original vocation: the pursuit of truth, the transmission of values, the fruitful dialogue between Sciences and Humanities, and the synthesis of knowledge embodied in educators and students. From the study and analysis of his texts, we propose the university as a privileged place to recover the integral formation that concerns the whole person and that longs for (...) an encounter with the vital reality of our students, with their deepest wishes and questions. One of the essential keys to fulfil this mission is to create a culture of accompaniment that commits us to the integral development process of each person, what would make it possible to transform society. (shrink)

From March to September 2020, researchers working at a biomedical scientific campus in Spain faced two lockdowns and various mobility restrictions that affected their social and professional lifestyles. The working group “Women in Science,” which acts as an independent observatory of scientific gender inequalities on campus launched an online survey to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on scientific activity, domestic and caregiving tasks, and psychological status. The survey revealed differences in scientific performance by gender: while male researchers participated in (...) a larger number of scientific activities for career development, female researchers performed more invisible scientific tasks, including peer review or outreach activities. Mental impact was greater in researchers caring for children or dependents, and this was aggravated for women. Results spot a disproportionate impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on female scientific career development, and urges for equity measures to mitigate the consequences of an increase in the gender gap in biomedical sciences for current and future pandemics. (shrink)

Children and adolescents are not indifferent to the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need to be forced to live in confinement. The change in life to which they have been abruptly subjected forces us to understand the state of their mental health in order to adequately address both their present and future needs. The present study was carried out with the intention of studying the consequences of confinement on anxiety, sleep routines and executive functioning of 1,028 children (...) and adolescents, aged from 6 to 18 years, residing in Spain to; assess if there are differences regarding these consequences in terms of sex and age; how anxiety affects executive functioning in males and females; and to examine the possible correlations between the measured variables. For this purpose, an online questionnaire containing five sections was designed: the first section gathers information on sociodemographic and health data, while the following sections gather information from different standardized scales which measure anxiety, sleep and executive functions, whose items were adapted in order to be completed by parents, and/or legal guardians. The statistical analyzes carried out highlights significant differences in executive functioning between males and females. In turn, in regards to age, greater difficulties were detected in anxiety in the 9 to 12 age group and greater sleep disturbances between 13 and 18 year olds. On the other hand, significant differences were found in intra-sexual executive functioning depending on whether they presented greater or lesser anxiety, with executive functioning being more tendentiously maladjusted in males than in females, revealing a significantly relevant effect size. Positive correlations are obtained between state anxiety and sleep and executive functioning alterations. Finally, through Path Analysis, it is verified that state anxiety is the variable with the greatest weight within the model that would explain the alteration in the executive functioning of the present sample. (shrink)

Within the field of didactics of second language teaching, it is believed that phonic errors cannot be completely corrected due to the significant influence of L1. However, improving the processes of acquisition of an L2 implies learning pronunciation properly. Given the importance of pronunciation for communication, it is necessary to deeply know the nature of phonic errors, which requires a specific classification aimed to describe, classify and categorize them. This article is intended to test the validity and efficiency of the (...) taxonomy developed in the project AACFELE. To accomplish our objective we: a) collected the most significant phonic errors made by learners of Spanish from nine different nationalities and b) categorized those errors. As a result, we found that the classification entails plenty of trouble caused by the impossibility of marking the boundaries of the numerous phenomena involved in the pronunciation of a sound; that is why we considered the need of redefining some of the suggested categories and assessed the adequacy of maintaining other ones less useful. Despite these circumstances, the most significant outcome was the reliable proof that the taxonomy AACFELE allowed us to label and describe diverse phonic errors using common criteria, which represents the first step to accurately study phonic acquisition of a foreign language. (shrink)